Pan American Games sports

The Pan American Games sports comprise all the sports contested in the Summer Olympic Games.[1] In addition, traditional and popular sports throughout the Americas which are not contested at the Olympic Games are also contested such as bowling and baseball.[1] As of 2011, the Pan American Games will include 36 sports with 40 disciplines and 361 events.[2] The number and kinds of events may change slightly from one Pan American Games to another.

Contents

Sports, disciplines, events

For purposes of Pan American Games competition, the Pan American Sports Organization (PASO) makes a distinction between sports and disciplines. A sport, in Pan American Games terms, is a single or group of disciplines as represented by an international governing body, namely an International Federation. For example, aquatics, represented at the Olympic level by the International Swimming Federation, is a sport at the Pan American Games that includes the swimming, diving, synchronized swimming and water polo disciplines.

Canoe slalom is the only Olympic discipline not on the Pan American Games program. It was, in fact, scheduled to be held at both the 2007 and 2011 Pan American Games, but due to the small number of countries competing in the discipline, the event was dropped.[3] However, the discipline is scheduled to make its debut at the 2015 Pan American Games in Toronto, Canada.[1]

Medals are awarded on a per-event basis; there can be one or more events per sport or discipline.[4] In fact, besides baseball, rugby sevens, and softball, every current Pan American Games discipline has at least two events.

Changes

A sport or discipline is included in the Pan American Games program firstly if it is included on the Olympic program and for the traditional Pan American Games sports PASO determines if they are widely practised around the Americas; that is, the number of countries that compete in a given sport is the indicator of the sport's prevalence. PASO's requirements reflect participation in the Pan American Games as well, especially more stringent toward men (as they are represented in higher numbers).

Previous Pan American Games have included sports which are no longer present on the current program, like futsal and polo. These sports, known as discontinued sports, were later removed either because of lack of interest or absence of an appropriate governing body.[4]

On August 13, 2009, the IOC Executive Board proposed that golf and rugby sevens be added to the Olympic program for the 2016 Games.[5] On October 9 2009, during the 121st IOC Session in Copenhagen, the IOC voted to elevate both sports as official Olympic sports and to include them in the Olympic program, beginning with the Rio de Janeiro Games.[6] With this development, Golf is expected to be played at the 2015 Pan American Games,[1] while rugby sevens will make its debut at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara.[7]

Current Pan American Games program

The following sports (or disciplines of a sport) make up the current Pan American Games official program and are listed alphabetically according to the name used by PASO. The figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport contested at the respective Games; a bullet (•) denotes that the sport/discipline was scheduled to be competed, but was dropped do to a lack of entries.

Seven of the 36 sports (Aquatics, Canoeing, Cycling, Gymnastics, Volleyball, Equestrian) consist of multiple disciplines. Disciplines from the same sport are grouped under the same heading:

For equestrian and wrestling, the figures in each cell indicate the number of events for each sport, and not for each discipline separately.

The following sports have been contested at the Pan American Games:[8]

Sport (Discipline) Body 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03 07 11
 
Diving FINA 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 6 6 4 8 8 8
Swimming 21 21 21 21 30 30 30 30 30 32 32 32 32 32 34 34
Synchronized swimming 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2
Water polo 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
 
Canoe/kayak (sprint) ICF 12 13 13 12 12 12 12
Canoe/kayak (slalom) • •
 
BMX UCI 2 2
Mountain biking 2 2 2 2 2
Road cycling 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 4 4 4 4
Track cycling 5 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 7 7 8 12 12 10 10
 
Artistic FIG 8 12 18 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
Rhythmic 5 7 7 2 6 8 8
Trampoline 2 2
 
Volleyball (beach) FIVB 2 2 2 2
Volleyball (indoor) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
 
Dressage FEI 6 5 6 6 6 6 6 4 4 6 4 6 6 4 6 6
Eventing
Jumping
 
Freestyle FILA 8 8 8 8 8 10 20 20 20 20 20 20 16 18 18 18
Greco-Roman
 
Archery WAF 4 12 4 12 12 4 4 4 4
Athletics IAAF 33 29 32 33 35 37 37 39 40 48 43 44 47 46 47 47
Badminton BWF 5 5 5 5 5
Baseball IBAF 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
Basketball FIBA 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Basque pelota FIPV 12 6 10
Bowling WTBA 4 8 4 4 4 4
Boxing AIBA 8 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 12 12 11 11 13
Fencing FIE 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 10 10 10 10 10 12
Field hockey FIH 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
Football FIFA 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Handball IHF 2 1 2 2 2 2 2
Judo IJF 4 6 6 8 16 16 18 18 14 14 14 14
Karate WKF 10 11 9 9 10
Modern pentathlon UIPM 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Racquetball IRF 6 4 4 6
Roller skating IRB 15 16 17 29 9 6 6 8
Rowing FISA 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 14 15 15 14 14 13 14
Rugby sevens IRB 1
Sailing ISAF 2 7 6 4 3 4 5 8 6 9 11 10 8 9 9
Shooting ISSF 14 16 21 12 10 10 14 14 32 22 34 36 15 17 15 15
Softball ISF 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1
Squash WSF 4 4 4 4 6
Table tennis ITTF 7 7 7 7 7 6 6 4 4
Taekwondo WTF 8 8 16 8 8 8 8
Tennis ITF 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 6 4 4 4 5
Triathlon ITU 2 2 2 2 2
Water skiing IWWF 6 6 6 7 9
Weightlifting IWF 5 7 7 7 7 9 9 10 10 10 10 10 15 15 15 15
 
Total events 140 146 166 160 169 164 190 249 249 296 328 408 329 338 331 361

Discontinued sports

The following sports were previously part of the Pan American Games program as official sports, but are no longer on the current program.

Sport 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 03 07 11
Futsal 1
Inline hockey 1 1
Polo 1
Roller hockey 1 1 1 1
Sambo 20
 
Total events 1 1 20 1 1 1 1 1 1

Winter sports

Sport 90
Alpine skiing 6

References

  1. ^ a b c d "About the Games". Toronto Organizing Committee for the 2015 Pan and Parapan American Games. http://www.toronto2015.org/lang/en/about-the-games.html. Retrieved September 23, 2011. 
  2. ^ "Sports Program". COPAG. http://www.guadalajara2011.org.mx/eng/03_deportes/deportes.asp. Retrieved September 23, 2011. 
  3. ^ Pan American Canoe Slalom Championships - 2011 ICF Ranking Event
  4. ^ a b "Olympic Sports, Disciplines & Events". HickokSports.com. February 4, 2005. http://www.hickoksports.com/history/olsports.shtml. Retrieved June 30, 2011. 
  5. ^ Wilson, Stephen (August 13, 2009). "Golf, rugby backed by IOC board for 2016 Games". The Seattle Times. Associated Press. http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/sports/2009656175_apolyiocnewsports.html. Retrieved August 14, 2009. 
  6. ^ "Golf & rugby voted into Olympics". BBC. October 9, 2009. http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympic_games/8292584.stm. Retrieved January 4 2010. 
  7. ^ "Rugby Included in 2011 Pan American Games". Bahamas Rugby. November 7, 2008. http://www.rugbybahamas.com/index.php/2008/11/07/rugby-included-in-2011-pan-american-game. Retrieved July 02, 2011. 
  8. ^ Pan American Games events
Summer:
Winter: